What software
The possibilities of modern PCs are so great that more and more people are finding a use for it in their work, school, home. The most important quality of a modern computer is its "user-friendliness" in relation to the user. Human Communication with computer was simple, clear, understandable. The computer itself prompts the user what to do in any given situation, helping get out of difficult situations. This is possible thanks to the software of the computer.
Again we use the analogy between computer and man. Newborn person does not know anything and can not. Knowledge and skills he gains in development, training, accumulating data in its memory. The computer, which is collected at the plant of chips, wires, circuit boards and other things, like a newborn person. We can say that loading into memory the computer software is similar to the child's learning process.It creates software programmers.
The entire set of programs stored on all devices computer-volatile memory, is its software (the software).
Computer software is constantly updated, developed, perfected. The cost of programs installed on a modern PC often exceeds the cost of the technical devices. The development of modern software requires very highly skilled programmers.
The types of software
The computer software is a necessary part, without which it simply can not do anything. It is called by the system software. The buyer acquires a computer equipped with the system software, which is no less important for the computer than memory or CPU. In addition to the system software of the computer includes other applications and system programming software.
Computer software is divided into:
- - System software;
- Application software;
- Programming system.
About the system software and software systems will be discussed later. And now look at the application software.
The composition of the application software
Programme, through which the user can solve their information problems without resorting to programming, called application programs.
As a rule, all users prefer to have a set of applications that need to almost everyone. These are called general purpose programs. These include:
- Text and image editors, that can be used to cook a variety of text, create drawings, build drawings; in other words, to write, to draw, to paint;
- Database management system (DBMS), allows you to turn your computer into a directory on any topic;
- Tabular processors, allowing to organize a very common practice in the table calculations;
- Communication (network) program, designed to share information with other computers, combined with the data in a computer network.
A very popular type of application software is computer games. Most of the users it is with them beginning their communication with the computer.
In addition, there are a large number of applications for the special purpose of professional activities. They are often referred to as application packages. This, for example, accounting software, producing payroll and other payments that are made to the accounting department; CAD systems, which help designers to develop projects of various technical devices; packages that allow to solve complex math problems without programming; training programs for various school subjects and more.
Questions and Tasks
- 1. What is computer software?
2. What are the tasks executes the application software?
3. What are the main types of general-purpose applications.
4. What are the applications for special purposes?
About the system software and programming systems
What is the operating system
What are the applications that is easy to understand. And what is the system software?
The main part of the system software is the operating system (OS).
Operating System - a set of programs that control the main memory, processor, peripherals and files, leading the user dialogue.
At the operating system a lot of work, and it almost always is in working condition. For example, in order to execute the application program, it is necessary to find the external memory (disc) placed in memory, finding it free space "run" the CPU to execute a program, control the operation of all machine units at run time and in case of failures display diagnostic messages. All these concerns incurs operating system.
Here are the names of some popular operating system for personal computers: MS-DOS, Windows, Linux.
interactive mode
During the application itself organizes the communication with the user, but when the program is finalized, the user begins to communicate the operating system. This communication takes place in the form:
<Prompt> - <command>.
OS displays an invitation to a particular form. In response, the user gives the command that defines what he wants from the car. This can be a team on the implementation of a new application program, the command to perform any file operations (delete file, copy, etc.), The team tell the current time or date, and so on. After completing another user command, the operating system prompts again.
This mode of operation is called interactively. thanks to the OS user never feels adrift. All operating systems running on personal computers with a user in a dialogue mode. Dialogue mode is often called interactive mode.
Utilities
By the system software other than the OS should include a variety of programs and service, the service of character. For example, this disk maintenance program (copying, formatting, "treatment" and so forth.), The compression disk files (archiver), the fight against computer viruses, and more.
systems of programming
In addition to system and application software, there is a third kind of software. It's called programming systems (SP).
Programming System - a tool for the programmer.
programmers to work with the programming system. Any joint venture is focused on a specific programming language. There are many different languages, such as Pascal, BASIC, FORTRAN, C ( "C"), Assembler, LISP and others. In these languages, the programmer writes the program, and with the help of software systems puts them into the computer, debugging, testing, performs.
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